Sturge-Weber Syndrome Essays

Sturge-Weber Syndrome Essays Sturge-Weber Syndrome Essay Sturge-Weber Syndrome Essay Sturge–Weber Syndrome (SWS), also referred to as encephalotrigeminal angiomatosis, is a rare congenital neurological and skin disorder. It is often associated with port-wine stains of the face, glaucoma, seizures, mental retardation, and ipsilateralleptomeningeal angioma. It is characterized by abnormal blood vessels on the brain surface. Normally, only one side of the brain is affected. SWS is an embryonal developmental anomaly resulting from errors in mesodermal and ectodermal development. SWS occurs sporadically and does not have a hereditary etiology.It is caused by a somatic activating mutation occurring in the GNAQ (Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha) gene. Historical and Neurobiological Aspects William Allen Sturge, (1850-1919) oIn 1879, case of 6 year old female: presented with good health until the age of 6 months. At this age she started experiencing twitching on the left side of her body, which in time increased in frequency and duration, as well as spread to the right side of her body. She also began losing consciousness during these episodes. The child had a mark on the right side of her face and head which was referred to as mother’s mark. The skin lesion involved the upper lip, nose, forehead, scalp, back of the neck, midline on the chin, upper part of the sternum, and extended as low as the third or fourth dorsal vertebra behind and the second costal cartilage in front. The lips, gums, tongue, roof of mouth, floor of mouth, uvula, and pharynx were all similarly affected on the right side. The right eye was larger (buphthalmos; congenital glaucoma) and the sclera, choroid and retina were all affected by a vascular malformation. In addition, a patch over the left eye, frontal and temporal regions.The mark was a deep purple color, with the color partially disappearing with firm pressure. ?Dr. Sturge termed this mark a port-wine. He had no proof but speculated that the patient’s neurological deficit was explained by a lesion that existed on the surface of the same side of the brain. ?In 1901, Siegfried Kalischer, German neurobiologist, provided pathological proof of such an association. Frederick Parkes Weber, (1863-1962) oIn 1922, Weber reported the first radiologic features of brain atrophy in the Sturge-Weber syndrome. ?X-ray findings showed intracranial calcifications Key Signs and Symptoms Characterized by congenital facial birthmark and neurological abnormalities oManifested at birth by port-wine stain on forehead and upper eyelid of one side of the face. ?The birthmark can vary in color from light pink to deep purple and is caused by an overabundance of capillaries around the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve. ?Malformation of blood vessels in the pia mater overlying the brain on the same side of the head as the birthmark. This causes calcification of tissue and loss of nerve cells in the cerebral cortex. Typically located on the back of the occipital region of brain on same side as birthmark. Neurological symptoms include: seizures begin at birth and worsen with age, muscle weakness or loss of use on side of body opposite of port wine stain, and development delay of motor and cognitive skills may occur to varying degrees. Other symptoms include eye and internal organ irregularities oGlaucoma (70%) and choroidal lesions (40%) oEnlarging of the eye (buphthalmos) in eye affected by stain Each case is unique and exhibits characterizing findings to varying degrees It can affect one side (in about 85%) or both sides (in about 15%) of the body or brain. There are 3 types of SWS: Type 1-Complete Trisymptomatic SWS: involves facial and leptomenigeal (brain) angiomas (vascular malformations) and may include glaucoma oSeizures and ocular involvement occur within first year of life oWhite portions of eye appear bloodshot due to over-proliferation of blood vessels oMental and physical development can be impaired to varying degrees depending on amount of vascular birthmark throughout the brain and eye Type 2-Incomplete Bisymptomatic SWS: involves facial angioma and possibility of glaucoma, with no evidence of intracranial disease oNo specific time-frame for exhibition of symptoms beyond initial appearance of port-w ine stain oThroughout lifespan issues may develop with glaucoma, cerebral blood flow abnormalities, headaches and various other complications Type 3-Incomplete Monosymptomatic SWS: involves a leptomenigeal angioma with no facial involvement and usually no development of glaucoma oCommonly referred to as forme fruste oIdentified through brain scans oOften confused with other diagnoses prior to brain scan with contrasting agent Diagnostic Criteria Diagnosis depends on: Facial port-wine birthmark combined with glaucoma, abnormal blood vessels in the brain, or both oNeurological, ophthalmological, dermatological, and other evaluations are recommended to make diagnosis and screen for other complications oEEG (seizures) and MRI imaging of the brain (with contrast) can diagnose brain involvement ? Other tests include: Skull radiography, angiography, CT scans, and functional imaging (SPECT or PET) Treatment Laser treatment to lighten or remove port-wine birthmark Anti-convulsants, VNS impla nts and brain surgery to control seizures Eye drops (commonly Latanoprost) or oral medications to control glaucoma oIf topical or oral medications are not effective, surgery would be the next step ? Goniotomy, trabeculectomy, tube-shunt, and trabeculotomy Physical therapy for muscle weakness Educational therapy for mental retardation or developmental delays CBT, Family Therapy and medications may be effective for behavioral, emotional and social issues References Pearce, J. M. S. (2006). Sturge–Weber syndrome (encephalotrigeminal or leptomeningeal angiomatosis). Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 77(11), 1291-1292. doi:10. 1136/jnnp. 2006. 096578 Rare Diseases Clinical Research Network. (2012). Sturge-Weber syndrome. Retrieved from http://rarediseasesnetwork. epi. usf. edu/BVMC/SWS/ The Hunter Nelson Sturge-Weber Center. (2012). Sturge-Weber syndrome. Retrieved from http://sturgeweber. kennedykrieger. org/index. jsp The Sturge-Weber Foundation. (2012). Sturge- Weber syndrome. Retrieved from sturge-weber. org/resources/about-sws/conditions/12-sturge-weber-sy

Free Essays on The Stages Children Go Through To Determine Their Personalities

Children are the eyes to the future. How a child’s life is formed determines how our future is shaped. Sigmund Freud laid down the basic foundation of a person’s personality. He said that person ’s personality is formed by the time they reach the age of five. Freud said that a child’s early experiences determines their adult personalities. He then defined each stage that a child goes through. Freud called it the psychosexual development stages. These are the stages that are â€Å" successive, instinctive patterns of associating pleasure with stimulation of specific bodily areas at different times in life.† ( Zimbardo Pg. 386) These five stages deal with how children deal with their sexual urges. The stages change and become more intense as a child gets older. If a child doesn’t fully satisfy his needs a any stage they can become fixated to the needs of that stage. Fixation occurs when a child faces a problem growing from stage to stage. Fixation can greatly affect our personalities when we become adults. When a child become fixated they become dependent to the emotional urges of the stage. Each stage has different effects. The first stage children go through is the oral stage. This represents the stage of the mouth. In this stage children go through the change from breast to bottle. It involves sucking, biting, eating and crying. Children go through this stage in their first year . â€Å"Children learn to overcome dependency in this stage.† ( Zimabrdo Pg.387) Fixation at this stage creates adult personality problems like smoking, nail biting or obesity. These are all problems that deal with the mouth. Fixation at the oral stage causes a â€Å" a common theme of using the mouth as a way to connect to what one needs.† ( Zimbardo Pg.387) The anal stage is the second stage that usually occurs between the first and third years as a child. The biggest obstacle at this stage is toilet training. Freud said that at this stage... Free Essays on The Stages Children Go Through To Determine Their Personalities Free Essays on The Stages Children Go Through To Determine Their Personalities Children are the eyes to the future. How a child’s life is formed determines how our future is shaped. Sigmund Freud laid down the basic foundation of a person’s personality. He said that person ’s personality is formed by the time they reach the age of five. Freud said that a child’s early experiences determines their adult personalities. He then defined each stage that a child goes through. Freud called it the psychosexual development stages. These are the stages that are â€Å" successive, instinctive patterns of associating pleasure with stimulation of specific bodily areas at different times in life.† ( Zimbardo Pg. 386) These five stages deal with how children deal with their sexual urges. The stages change and become more intense as a child gets older. If a child doesn’t fully satisfy his needs a any stage they can become fixated to the needs of that stage. Fixation occurs when a child faces a problem growing from stage to stage. Fixation can greatly affect our personalities when we become adults. When a child become fixated they become dependent to the emotional urges of the stage. Each stage has different effects. The first stage children go through is the oral stage. This represents the stage of the mouth. In this stage children go through the change from breast to bottle. It involves sucking, biting, eating and crying. Children go through this stage in their first year . â€Å"Children learn to overcome dependency in this stage.† ( Zimabrdo Pg.387) Fixation at this stage creates adult personality problems like smoking, nail biting or obesity. These are all problems that deal with the mouth. Fixation at the oral stage causes a â€Å" a common theme of using the mouth as a way to connect to what one needs.† ( Zimbardo Pg.387) The anal stage is the second stage that usually occurs between the first and third years as a child. The biggest obstacle at this stage is toilet training. Freud said that at this stage...

Response paper on a novel Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Response paper on a novel - Essay Example It is necessary to analyze the long and short-term effects of both parties while analyzing animal rights. Alma and Dave LaJoy are interested in saving different animals while Boyle tries to highlight a person with rights over nature. The author also uses flashback with intention of highlighting development of animal rights over a distinct period. The author also provides his viewpoint through stylistic and entertaining approaches. Alma’s job includes eradicating wild pigs and black rats. Coincidentally, the black rats are similar to the animals that Alma’s grandmother encountered after the shipwreck. It is evident that Alma’s rival Dave LaJoy intends to save the animals that the park management wants to remove. This creates a disagreement between Alma and Dave LaJoy. The management decides to use poison to eliminate the rats while Dave flies to the forest to drop pellets containing Vitamin K that would neutralize the poison. The short-term effect is that rats cou ld be eliminated. However, there will reach a point when the rats would become an endangered species or face elimination. Furthermore, elimination of rats could result to over population of murrelets that is a source of food for rats. Additionally, other animals that feed on rats could get extinct. It is quite ironical for the National park to kill one species of animals to save the other. The elimination of rats could also open gates for lawsuits against the national park. Lastly, it creates enmity between Alma and Dave. As a result, Dave heckles  Alma at meetings, has her car vandalized and plants a secret agent in the office to spy on her (Boyle 100). Boyle tries to show who has right and control over nature and animal rights. It is particularly effective for author to use Alma and Dave who have different viewpoints on issue to tell the story from several angles. The most appealing character is behind the controlled execution of rats because she intends to protect the indigenou s species of the islands though she disregards animal rights. However, there are faults in her techniques because indigenous animals that depend on rats for food would be endangered. It is also evident that the food chain could be distorted. The author demonstrates that no matter how compassionate the intention, every solution has consequences especially within complicated eco systems. Boyle effectively communicates the fragility of Mother Nature’s (Boyle 150). The key highlight of her job is ensuring that Channel Islands’ original environment is restored to original environment. This will involve taking some hard decision and actions such as getting rid of wild pigs and black rats that would lead to animal rights concerns. Apparently, her grandmother had encountered some rats during her attempt to clamber into the Anacapa Island in the aftermath of the wreckage of the ship. However, Alma’s work is not going to be an easy one owing to the conflicts of interests involved. While she is determined to, get rid of the animals from the Island, Dave Lajoy, and her nemesis thinks otherwise. He thinks that saving the animals is a better idea and commits him towards this course. As a result, an atmosphere of controversy ensues. While Alma relies on her environmental consciousness, her opponent, Dave is relying on his richness. However, none of them fits into their prejudices completely. T.C Boyle argues that this is a regular situation in real life (Boyle 183). Boyle uses historical flashback because

Archetypes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Archetypes - Essay Example I love how the numbers spell logic, and the fact that I could spread this passion as well as knowledge to more people. Now for this introductory part about me, I am going to attach these archetypes: People of the Prince archetype has a life of what could be full of expectations since like real princes or princesses, their kings and queens expect them to follow in their footsteps. They are surrounded by all this power so to speak, yet they are not yet mature enough to be in those kinds of position. My parents are in the medical field, that brought to them prestige and power. They are known to help save lives or make them better. I am their only son whom they have expectations to follow in their footsteps. But I am not mature enough to actually want it, or even fully capable of it yet. I have years to convince myself that that is what I want to do for the rest of my life and years of training to become fully capable of it. My passion for Math as it bred logic and patterns, yet in not so simple way, through figures and numbers, make me think I could be associated as the Philosopher. As one, I seek to pursue the meaning of life for the sake of attaining a level of reason afar from human boundary. Not that Math is beyond human boundary, but the fact that these figures and numbers can be manipulated to give one a result that is more that apt in analyzing things around him or her is quite astounding and just a bid tad miraculous. Philosophers peruse questions that have no definitive solutions and answers. After all, having the right answers are not his goal, only the fact that having these questions around you can heighten the awareness about the nature of life. Maybe this sort of clash with mathematicians, who sought logical and definitive answers, but my personality of wanting to seek out knowledge in order to be fully immersed in the nature of life is certainly a characteristic of a philosopher, althoug h I find it comfortable to use numbers as a tool. I look at myself as the Scribe as well, someone who has a reputation for accuracy and impartiality in inscribing details of a particular situation. I remember one time, I was called off to the office to explain a fight between two of my friends. My best friend hit my other friend not as close to me as him but I was still trusted to speak about the circumstances even though my best friend would be put into dire consequences. I did and caused a rift with my best friend for a while. But, in this I can say the aspect of being accurate and impartial lies within me. These two characteristics are important ones once you pursue a career in Mathematics as well. This is also the Judge in me, capable to mix compassion with wisdom. Though I could hurt my best friend, not coming out as I did would not let him see the mistake of his actions nor be a wise thing to do. After all being wise means knowing what is right from wrong. Condoning his actions would make us both criminals so to speak. It is a well-known fact that teachers impart knowledge and skills to those fortunate enough to be able to study and be under his or her influence. The Teacher does this impartially and only with the intention of adding to the progress of their hearts and minds. A true teacher though does this passionately and willingly. As I am considering myself to become a professor, this is more than a fitting description of that aspect of my personality. For now even I

Compare the importance of team work and personal attributes Essay Example for Free

Compare the importance of team work and personal attributes Essay There are three ways Asda and Betta Value can use communication skills this is done through written, verbal and listening skills. Asda and Betta Value have different structure and size so the businesses needs a different balance of team working skills personal attributes in their staff. Listening, verbal and written skills At Asda Written is internally most dependants for the reason that they are a big business if you are relying on verbal communication the employees need good listening skills and good at following instructions. More instructions will be written into rules and processes to follow, their will be more check lists to make sure tasks are done and dusted. Betta Values uses verbal skills because of the size and level of the business this is because that Betta Values is a flat structure so the staff uses a lot of verbal communication Both businesses need to listen because they are both dealing with customers, if staff dont then they will loose clients but Asda is more likely to formally train employees in communication skills. For Asda personal presentation will be more consistent because staff will get issued with full uniform and it says on terms and conditions you must wear full uniform as for Betta values dress code and badges is what they have to wear because Betta Values has fewer budgets to spend. There will be more details in terms and conditions in employment regarding the job at Asda than Betta Value. Punctuality and time planning Punctuality and time planning are what both businesses want so the staff must be punctual so that they get full value for the wage they are paying. Time planning at Asda is critical because you have to link job and role in matrix structure which have to link with mesh and also time and planning is critical at Asda. Betta Values can afford a slightly relaxed aptitude to time planning but each manager controls the whole function so this means the managers have to many issues, time effectively because no one to pass on work. Betta Value would need good time management and planning because they have 19 people to control and make sure all employees are working effectively. Head office Head office at Asda supports the store project teams this means you have to time scale running in the business 1) To coordinate the functions at head office 2) For the store to meet their sales targets and objectives 3) The role of the project team at Asda is to synchronise the time for head office with through for the store Time scales at Asda is important to the achievement of the company. Betta Value can afford a little calmer attitude to time planning but every boss controls an entire function; this means with the purpose of the managers have to handle their own employment load independently for the reason that they have no one to pass on their work. Courtesy, honesty and confidentiality These are qualities that every retailer expects in their employees at Asda and Betta Values. Courtesy is when dealing with a customer the employee should be polite at all times because if they do not they will loose their customers. Honesty is an essential quality because retailers have stock and cash on premises dishonesty of staff means costs go up and profit goes down because of wasting and theft. Betta Value would its finance manager to be honest, as the manager will be dealing with a big amount of business money and if this money is taken Betta Value would be left bankrupt Confidentiality is most workforce at Asda wont have access to confidential information but Betta Values is a small value of staff and are more likely to overhear or find out sanative information therefore they may want to check how good staff are at and keeping affairs private an example through references. Interdependence of team members Group responsibilities share as individual targets In store at Asda staffs work in teams and have similar skills supervisors will have more experience and knowledge but they will have the same skills Reliance on specialist skills of other members and reliance on other teams The specialists teams at both business relay on other specialists from outside the team at Betta Values these are Human Resources and Finance etc at Asda specialists are located at head office and deliver through the matrix structure. Both businesses will have team targets but its because the operations (store managers team) at Betta Values has various specialists in the team targets and responsibilities will be very general but individual targets will be more specific. An example at Asda you will have specialists team groups and responsibilities are shared and individual targets will focus on developing staff. But at head office the people specialists with in a function their and their staff and their specific role in the team.

Comparing Two Poems about Prejudice Essay -- Wole Soyinka U.A. Fanthor

Comparing Two Poems about Prejudice The poems "Telephone Conversation", by Wole Soyinka and "You Will Be Hearing From Us Shortly", by U A Fanthorpe are both about prejudice. The former poem is to do with racial prejudice and the latter is to do with social prejudice. The two poems are different in many ways. The first poem is an application for accommodation and the second poem is a job interview. Soyinka's poem is a Dialogue within a monologue where as Fanthorpe's poem is just a monologue. Also the tones are different the former poem has a shocking tone to start with but a mocking tone towards the end, while the other poem is extremely rude. The characters in the former poem are a white landlady and a black man and the characters in the latter poem are an interviewer and a possible interviewee the genders are unknown which helps highlight the fact that this can happen to anyone. The language in both poems is easy to understand neither have many difficult words and only Soyinka's poem uses metaphors and similes. The poems use questions for emphasis as well as for ...

Black Men in Public Spaces Essay

When comparing my essay situation that I wrote about my dad’s run in with racism to Staples essay, one could say that they are both similar and different. In general, their situations were similar because both incidents involved some form of racism. Staples story and my dad’s story both took place in the 1980’s. However, I believe these types of racism are still very much alive. The difference between Staples situation and my dad’s was their responses and how they chose to handle their situations. My father’s story, I felt displayed courage on his part. He didn’t have to act a certain way, change himself, or adapt to his environment to fit in. He did what he needed to do and did not think twice about it. He walked into a diner full of people who stared at him as if he were from another planet. Yet he still went about his business and ordered his food while feeling the piercing stares burn through his flesh. Although he felt uncomfortable bein g the only Asian man in sight, he ignored the staring faces. The differences I found in their situations were that Staples coped with racism by, ‘smothering the rage’ he had to change who he was. This can be perceived in different ways. You can look at this and think that he was a coward who didn’t want to deal with what was in front of him, or you can look at this and think that he was a smart person who had courage to find his own ways to cope. We may not all agree that Staples way of dealing with things is the correct way however, it was the way he chose. He taught himself to take precaution by, allowing room between people in front of him and himself when walking, when he felt that people were uncomfortable, he would, ‘whistle melodies from Beethoven, Vivaldi, and other classical composers’. Instead of dealing with being misperceived as a killer, rapist, or murderer, he adjusted his daily way of life around others. I believe this type of racism towards young male men is common. I am a woman, and am afraid for my life about being raped, killed, or mugged. I grab on tight to the strap of my purse when I am in neighborhoods that are likely targets of purse snatchings. It is very common to hear about women who were raped by ‘young males, wearing jeans, with a sweater and their hands in their pocket’ this is a common description of almost 95% of all young males walking around late in the evening. I can relate to the women because I am a woman and I believe I would have also been afraid just like Staples ‘first victim’ was afraid. She’s a woman, she’s walking alone, walking in a dark alley and a male fitting the  description I stated above is behind her also walking alone. I’ve felt this type of anxiety when walking alone at night, or when I am running alone on a trail. It just isn’t safe being a woman walking alone in this society. If I heard a jogger running, or someone walking behind me whistling, I too w ould be afraid. I believe it was wise for Staples to come up with such a creative solution. He had to do what he felt he needed to in order to survive, in order to not get arrested, or be mistaken for someone he is not and until society changes their stereotype of young African American males, his tactics for coping is a great idea. He goes on to say how ‘black men trade stories like this all time’ because they are misperceived as a killer, rapist, or a mugger, they are automatically put in a position of being in danger. Staples did what he had to do to survive. It’s almost as if he has found a way to add a bit of humor to the situation. I’ve always believed in the saying, ‘You cannot change the things that are thrown your way, or others peoples actions, but what you can change is the way you react to them’. It is easy to say ‘why do I have to change? Why can’t society change, why can’t others change?’ Yes, this maybe the answer of all answers the answer that makes the most sense however, the reality is you can’t change anyone but you can change yourself and your reaction to things. I believe Staples coping strategies with being misperceived, were effective. Staples, and African American male talks of how he would walk the streets at night and would whistle classical music, to ease fears of the people around him who may think he’s a killer, or a mugger. He felt that he had to change his mannerisms and learn to adapt to being misperceived. It’s easy to say, why should Staples change? Why can’t society or everyone else change? Is it Staples responsibility as a young black man to alert the people around him that he is not a threat? Staples also says that ‘black men trade stories like this all the time’ which leads me to believe that society views the majority of African American males as dangerous. What I would do differently would be that I would probably stop going out so late at night. Staples never said in his story why he had to go out so late at night and why he went out alone most of the time. Maybe he worked late,  or had late classes? Whatever his situation, he was unable to avoid going out late at night. In my opinion I think I would tried to avoid the situation completely. I would not go out alone and if were forced too, I would bring a friend or family member with me. It’s hard to say whether I would handle things differently. I am a woman, I am not African American and I don’t feel I can ever relate to what Staples went through but since we cannot change the stereotypes of society, we must change ourselves as a person to not let these situations make us into a bitter person, and our reaction to situations like this.

Florida Fast Track program Essay

Time is very valuable, and if there is a way of using it efficiently, and gaining the most in the shortest time possible, that is the way I would go. Florida Tech’s Fast Tack program gives me this opportunity, to be very efficient in my overall attaining of a masters degree. Being part of the program will help me achieve my goals, faster and earlier than I expect. Taking this program gives me an advantage of being able to qualify for the scholarship award during the fifth year as a full time student (Financial Aid, 2010). This also means that if I get a scholarship award during my undergraduate I can keep it if I undertake the fast track program. This will help me a lot in financing the masters program too. I will also have a head-start in my career, way before my colleagues who are taking the traditional program. This will go a long way in helping me serve my fellow citizens as soon as possible, for I have a great desire to work to benefit them through my career. The program will therefore enhance my fast growth to attaining qualification in this career. The program is also diverse and not specific to any course among those offered in the university. Through this, my choice is also catered for. By stating, â€Å"FastTrack is open to all undergraduates and is comprised of the following combined, accelerated degree programs†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Fast Track Masters’ Program, 2010), the admission department of Florida Tech makes it clear that the courses being offered at undergraduate level are available at masters’ level. I will therefore be happy to be part of the family of the Florida Technical College, and pursue my dream career. The other good thing about this program is that it is designed in a way to give full attention to the individual student. I will therefore be able to interact closely with my instructors to help me grasp the concepts very well. In addition to this, the program has nationally recognized certification, which gives me confidence in working through it to get the degree (Fast – Track a Career in Medical Assisting, 2010). I therefore know that I will have no problem getting a place in the corporate world in my career.

Slink, Shrink, and Wink

Slink, Shrink, and Wink Slink, Shrink, and Wink Slink, Shrink, and Wink By Maeve Maddox Last week I found the word slinked in manuscripts submitted by two different members of my writers’ group. In both mss I drew a wavy line under it to represent the shudder that the -ed past ending on this verb stirred in me. The principal parts of slink are slink/slunk/slunk.: Then I got to thinking about various verbs that rhyme with slink and realized that although slinked pushed my shudder button, I have no problem with winked. And while I accept slunk as the simple past of slink, I’ll never become reconciled to the movie title Honey, I Shrunk the Kids. I want it to be Honey, I Shrank the Kids. The verb shrink has an additional kink: the attributive form shrunken. Ex. My sweater has shrunk in the wash. BUT Just look at this shrunken sweater! Here are some more verbs that rhyme with slink. Ill define only those that I think may be unfamiliar to some readers. clink/clinked/clinked â€Å"to make a sharp, abrupt metallic sound† The chain clinked as he walked. blink/blinked/blinked The prisoner blinked in the bright sun. drink/drank/drunk Like shrink, drink has an attributive form ending in -en: He walks like a drunken sailor. fink/finked/finked â€Å"to inform on† The petty criminal finked on his boss. kink/kinked/kinked â€Å"to twist or curl stiffly, especially at one point. The hose kinked at the worst possible time. pink/pinked/pinked â€Å"to cut or perforate† The tailor pinked the edges of the cloth. stink/stank/stunk The garbage stank up the house. The Compact OED gives stunk as an option for the simple past. think/thought/thought He thought a long time before making a decision. ink/inked/inked Her job was to ink the platen press. link/linked/linked The blogger linked to several sites. sink/sank/sunk The boat sank in a squall. Like shrink and drink, sink has an attributive form ending in -en: He’s looking for sunken treasure. skink/skinked/skinked Yes, this is a word in the OED: skink: v. trans. To draw or pour out (alcoholic drink), to decant; to offer or serve (wine, etc.) to a person. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Coordinating vs. Subordinating Conjunctions"Confused With" and "Confused About"50+ Words That Describe Animals (Including Humans)

The Types of Parallel Universes

The Types of Parallel Universes Physicists talk about parallel universes, but its not always clear what they mean. Do they mean alternate histories of our own universe, like those often shown in science fiction, or whole other universes with no real connection to ours? Physicists use the phrase parallel universes to discuss diverse concepts, and it can sometimes get a little confusing. For example, some physicists believe strongly in the idea of a multiverse for cosmological purposes, but dont actually believe in the Many Worlds Interpretation (MWI) of quantum physics. It is important to realize that parallel universes are not actually a theory within physics, but rather a conclusion that comes out of various theories within physics. There are a variety of reasons for believing in multiple universes as a physical reality, mostly having to do with the fact that we have absolutely no reason to suppose that our observable universe is all that there is.   There are two basic breakdowns of parallel universes that might be helpful to consider. The first was presented in 2003 by Max Tegmark and the second was presented by Brian Greene in his book The Hidden Reality. Tegmarks Classifications In 2003, MIT physicist Max Tegmark explored the idea of parallel universes in a paper published in a collection titled  Science and Ultimate Reality. In the paper,  Tegmark breaks the different types of parallel universes allowed by physics into four different levels: Level 1: Regions Beyond Cosmic Horizon: The universe is essentially infinitely big and contains matter at roughly the same distribution as we see it throughout the universe. Matter can combine in only so many different configurations. Given an infinite amount of space, it stands to reason there exists another portion of the universe in which an exact duplicate of our world exists.Level 2: Other Post-Inflation Bubbles: Separate universes spring up like bubbles of spacetime undergoing its own form of expansion, under the rules dictated by inflation theory. The laws of physics in these universes could be very different from our own.Level 3: The Many Worlds of Quantum Physics: According to this approach to quantum physics, events unfold in every single possible way, just in different universes. Science fiction alternate history stories utilize this sort of a parallel universe model, so its the most well-known outside of physics.Level 4: Other Mathematical Structures: This type of paralle l universes is sort of a catch-all for other mathematical structures which we can conceive of, but which we dont observe as physical realities in our universe. The Level 4 parallel universes are ones which are governed by different equations from those that govern our universe. Unlike Level 2 universes, its not just different manifestations of the same fundamental rules, but entirely different sets of rules. Greenes Classifications Brian Greenes system of classifications from his 2011 book, The Hidden Reality, is a more granular approach than Tegmarks. Below are Greenes classes of parallel universes, but weve also added the Tegmark Level that they fall under:   Quilted Multiverse (Level 1): Space is infinite, therefore somewhere there are regions of space that will exactly mimic our own region of space. There is another world out there somewhere in which everything is unfolding exactly as it unfolds on Earth.Inflationary Multiverse (Level 1 2): Inflationary theory in cosmology predicts an expansive universe filled with bubble universes, of which our universe is just one.Brane Multiverse (Level 2): String theory leaves open the possibility that our universe is on just one 3-dimensional brane, while other branes ​of any number of dimensions could have whole other universes on them.Cyclic Multiverse (Level 1): One possible result from string theory is that branes could collide with each other, resulting in universe-spawning big bangs that not only created our universe but possibly other ones.Landscape Multiverse (Level 1 4): String theory leaves open a lot of different fundamental properties of the universe which, combined with the in flationary multiverse, means there could be many bubble universes out there which have fundamentally different physical laws than the universe we inhabit. Quantum Multiverse (Level 3): This is essentially the Many Worlds Interpretation (MWI) of quantum mechanics; anything that can happen does... in some universe.Holographic Multiverse (Level 4): According to the holographic principle, there is a physically-equivalent parallel universe that would exist on a distant bounding surface (the edge of the universe), in which everything about our universe is precisely mirrored.Simulated Multiverse (Level 4): Technology will possibly advance to the point where computers could simulate each and every detail of the universe, thus creating a simulated multiverse whose reality is nearly as complex as our own.Ultimate Multiverse (Level 4): In the most extreme version of looking at parallel universes, every single theory which could possibly exist would have to exist in some form somewhere.

Financial analysis Apple and McDonald's Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Financial analysis Apple and McDonald's - Essay Example On the other hand, Apple Inc. experienced a drop in their bottom line from forty-one billion and seven million United States dollars down to thirty-seven billion. The experience was in spite of the fact that the company realized an increase in revenues to one hundred and seventy-one billion from slightly more than one hundred and fifty-six billion. A major in put in the falling bottom line in spite of the increasing revenue was the increase in revenue collected by the company in the percentage of sales associated with cost of goods to more than sixty-two percent from fifty-three. The income statement also referred to as the statement of earnings covers the entire performance of McDonald’s Corp. That includes results of operating activities. Similarly, the statement of financial position reports important classes as well as amounts of resources controlled and owned by the company. The ratios explore the output and revenues generated by both Apple Inc. and McDonald’s Corp’s assets. Included in the evaluation is the level of operations versus the assets required to maintain operating activities. Evaluation takes place under the general terminology of operating performance ratios. The debt-to-equity ratio for McDonald’s reduced in twenty eleven to two thousand and twelve but recorded slight improvements from two thousand and twelve to two thousand and thirteen. The debt-to-capital ratio faced the same fate as it deteriorated in two thousand and eleven through to two thousand and twelve. The trend in the subsequent financial year was similar to that in the debt-to-equity ratio. When calculating the interest coverage ratio as an EBIT and dividing it interest payments, it leads to the conclusion that MacDonald’s Corp. Reducing in the preceding financial year with slight improvements in the subsequent year. The adjusted total assets for M cDonald’s followed the same trend

FINAL EXAM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

FINAL EXAM - Essay Example This separates personal assets from business assets hence cannot be involved in lawsuits. The other advantage is that cooperate business has a continuity agreement, in that even if one member dies the other shareholders still have it alive. Disadvantages come in when it is required to file many legal documents such as the certificates and articles of incorporation, which may take long and is cumbersome. Another major disadvantage is that cooperate business do get tax deductions when distributing dividends, and this eats up into shareholders earnings. Question 3 "To pierce the corporate veil" refers to the possibility of someone to sue the owners of the corporate business. The corporate shareholders are thus held personally liable for the assets and liabilities of the business. Double taxation happens when the cooperate business is taxed for being a corporation itself and the second time when distributing dividends which are profits paid to shareholders in return of their investments. Question 4 I would prefer to start a partnership business for a small cafe/restraint business, where I would sell beverages and snacks. If managed well, a restaurant business can be very profitable as food is one of the basic needs of a human being implying that customers would always stream into the restaurant provided high quality services are provided. Restaurants do not need a lot of capital and expertise to start, all it needs is a spacious room with furniture, a well stocked kitchen, a couple of employees, cooks and waitresses. I prefer a partnership business with two partners where every partner has equal responsibilities to the business and is involved in the daily operations of the restaurant. Partnerships are relatively easy to start and compared to sole proprietors, the partners can raise a higher capital to start the business. Partners help each other in business decisions for instance interviewing employees or signing in a new contract. In connection to my restraint bu siness, my partner should have a hotel and catering skills to compliment my business skills. With a partnership, it is easier to get credit facilities because they have unlimited liability hence easier to raise sufficient funds to run the restaurant. Lastly, a partnership business is easy to dissolve as there not many legal restrictions. When the partners decide to go separate ways they just need to agree on how to split the assets and benefits after paying all the debts. Question 5 General liability- Here, the court will have to establish who has right to control the work and workers performing the duties. Parties Intentions- The intention of parties is also considered when differentiating an employee and a contractor. The court should check the agreement between the parties. Financial control- In determining a person’s status, financial issues are also important. The court should establish who pays the workers and where they get tools to perform their duties. Tax- If the wo rker is an independent employee, he is supposed to pay taxes from his/her pocket but if the worker is a contractor the hiring parties should pay his taxes. Working time- If the working time is longer than that of a usual contract, then the workers lean more towards the employee side than a contractor. Question 6 In legal terminologies," respondeat superior" means the employer is liable for the mistakes of their employee committed on the scope of work (Marsh &