The History of Cable Cars and Electric Streetcars

San Franciscan Andrew Smith Hallidie patented the first cable car on January 17, 1861, sparing many horses the excruciating work of moving people up the citys steep roadways. Using metal ropes he had patented, Hallidie devised a mechanism by which cars were drawn by an endless cable running in a slot between the rails which passed over a steam-driven shaft in the powerhouse. The First Cable Railway After gathering financial backing, Hallidie and his associates constructed the first cable railway. The track ran from the intersection of Clay and Kearny Streets along 2,800 feet of track to the crest of a hill 307 feet above the starting point. At 5:00 on the morning of August 1, 1873, a few nervous men climbed aboard the cable car as it stood on the hilltop. With Hallidie at the controls, the car descended and arrived safely at the bottom. Given San Franciscos steep terrain, the cable car came to define the city. Writing in 1888, Harriet Harper declared: If anyone should ask me what I consider the most distinctive, progressive feature of California, I should answer promptly: its cable car system. And it is not alone its system which seems to have reached a point of perfection, but the amazing length of the ride that is given you for the chink of a nickel. I have circled this city of San Francisco, I have gone the length of three separate cable lines (by means of the proper transfers) for this smallest of Southern coins. The success of the San Francisco line led to the expansion of that system and the introduction of street railways in many other cities. Most U.S. municipalities had abandoned horse-drawn cars for electrically powered cars by the 1920s. The Omnibus The first mass transportation vehicle in America was an omnibus. It looked like a stagecoach and was pulled by horses. The first omnibus to operate in America began running up and down Broadway in New York City in 1827. It was owned by Abraham Brower, who also helped organize the first fire department in New York. There had long been horse-drawn carriages in America to take people where they wanted to go. What was new and different about the omnibus was that it ran along a certain designated route and charged a very low fare. People who wanted to get on would wave their hands in the air. The driver sat on a bench on top of the omnibus at the front, like a stagecoach driver. When people who were riding inside wanted to get off the omnibus, they pulled on a little leather strap. The leather strap was connected to the ankle of the person who was driving the omnibus. Horse-drawn omnibuses ran in America cities from 1826 until about 1905. The Streetcar The streetcar was the first important improvement over the omnibus. The first streetcars were also pulled by horses, but the streetcars rolled along special steel rails that were placed in the middle of the roadway instead of traveling along regular streets. The wheels of the streetcar were also made of steel, carefully manufactured in such a way so they would not roll off the rails. A horse-drawn streetcar was much more comfortable than an omnibus, and a single horse could pull a streetcar that was larger and carried more passengers. The first streetcar began service in 1832 and ran along Bowery Street in New York. It was owned John Mason, a wealthy banker, and built by John Stephenson, an Irishman.  Stephensons New York company would become the largest and most famous builder of horse-drawn streetcars. New Orleans became the second American city to offer streetcars in 1835. The typical American streetcar was operated by two crew members. One man, a driver, rode up front. His job was to drive the horse, controlled by a set of reigns. The driver also had a brake handle that he could use to stop the streetcar. When streetcars got bigger, sometimes two and three horses would be used to haul a single car. The second crew member was the conductor, who rode at the back of the car. His job was to help passengers get on and off the streetcar and to collect their fares. He gave the driver a signal when everyone was on board and it was safe to proceed, pulling on a rope that was attached to a bell that the driver could hear at the other end of the car.   Hallidie’s Cable Car The first major attempt to develop a machine that could replace horses on Americas streetcar lines was the cable car in 1873. Converting streetcar lines from horse cars to cable cars required digging a ditch between the rails and building a chamber under the track from one end of the line to the other. This chamber was called a vault. When the vault was finished, a small opening was left at the top. A long cable was placed inside the vault. The cable ran under city streets from one end of  the streetcar line to the other. The cable was spliced into a big loop and was kept moving by a huge steam engine with massive wheels and pulleys located in a powerhouse at the side of the street. The cable cars themselves were equipped with a device that extended down below the car into the vault and allowed the operator of the car to latch onto the moving cable when he wanted the car to go. He could release the cable when he wanted the car to stop. There were many pulleys and wheels inside the vault to make sure the cable was able to go around corners, as well as up and down hills. Although the first cable cars ran in San Francisco, the largest and busiest fleet of cable cars was in Chicago. Most large American cities had one or more cable car lines by 1890. Trolley Cars Frank Sprague  installed a complete system of electric streetcars in Richmond, Virginia, in 1888. This was the first large-scale and successful use of electricity to run a citys entire system of streetcars. Sprague was born in Connecticut in 1857. He graduated from the United States Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland in 1878 and began a career as a naval officer. He resigned from the navy in 1883 and went to work for Thomas Edison. Many cities turned to electric-powered streetcars after 1888. To get electricity to the streetcars from the powerhouse where it was generated, an overhead wire was installed over streets. A streetcar would touch this electric wire with a long pole on its roof. Back at the powerhouse, big steam engines would turn huge generators to produce the electricity needed to operate the streetcars. A new name was soon developed for streetcars powered by electricity: trolley cars.

Should Same Sex Marriage Be Legal - 1922 Words

Introduction The world is supplementary changing, they needs to be a different prospective of seeing marriage equality. These should lead to the high court to make a decision based on public needs. The essay will explain in depth of the different formalities that can be taken by the federal parliament. Principles A plebiscite is a national vote from the public. The vote will determine how the public feels about same sex marriage. Although a plebiscite vote can happen, it is not a binding decision. A binding referendum is a fair process as we can determine of Australians agree or disagree with act . A referendum is a vote, which will be in favor of change in constitution A Court decision is when the judges change the law. A Parliamentary vote will legalize same-sex marriage in Australia . Public law Public law is the law governing relations amongst people and the state. The public has the right to freedom of thought and rights of equality, human rights and non-discrimination. A human right advances the promise of human rights and to the degree that it might likewise restrict human rights these constraints are sensible, fundamental and equal. Not allowing person of a different gender lets the public to state that they don’t have the same rights as us. This shows that our society is discriminating against same sex marriage is all right, when in fact its not. In the recent high court case Commonwealth v Act it was held that parliament have power to legalize same sexShow MoreRelatedSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legal1288 Words   |  6 Pages Marriage is not precisely the same as it used to be interpreted. For example, women used to be their husband’s property. Sometimes the women were forced to marry whoever their parents wanted them to marry and most of the time they couldn’t leave the marriage. Nowadays women have more freedom. They can vote, they can run their own business, and they can marry whichever man they want to. 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Those words historically indicate that until the death of a spouse, that couple shall remain together. Who should be able to determine whom that spouse is for that person? Some people judge others for their sexuality and how it is affecting them, but they never stop andRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legal1144 Words   |  5 PagesGay Marriage There are many issues the revolve around same-sex marriage. Many issues like: Whether same-sex should be legalized and should there be an amendment on same-sex marriage? There are multiple side to view this, but gay marriage but in my opinion gay marriage is socially accepted. it should be legal and it does affect American teens in a broad spectrum of ways. There have been a lot of issues on whether or not same-sex marriage should be legal or not. According to Burns, â€Å" The unionRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legal998 Words   |  4 PagesSame sex marriage ought to be legalized on the grounds that it is uncivilized and unmerited. Marriage is a commitment between two people that cherish one another. In almost every country and culture, marriage is a commitment of loyalty and love. Marriage is an authority contract gathering two individuals together, furnishing them with profits of holy matrimony such as tax cuts and clinical privileges. The debate throughout most countries today is whether or not the rights of these profits and commitmentsRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legal1659 Words   |  7 Pages Same-sex couples can hardly remember a time where they were not fighting for their right to marriage in the United States. After several court cases, California Proposition Six, and their struggle against the Defens e of Marriage Act (DOMA), same-sex couples found their way into U.S. society. Many misguided studies appealed to those opposing same-sex marriage, but after several years of integrating in society, same-sex couples found the support they were looking for. Before the Supreme CourtRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legal899 Words   |  4 Pages In the United States, same sex marriage became legal nationwide on June 26, 2015, when the United States Supreme Court overruled the court in favor of same sex freedom and marriage. The victory of same sex marriage came to be recognized from the Obergefell v. Hodges case which was submitted when an American Ohio man was denied and regretted to get his name on his late husband’s death certificate. Same sex marriage has been a controversial social issue in the United States for several decades. SinceRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legal1491 Words   |  6 PagesSame sex marriage is one of the most debatable issues in the modern world. Marriage has been accepted as the social union between a man and a woman for the past thousand years. Homosexuality was viewed with scorn, and marriages among same sex couples were prohibited in most cultures across the globe. However, gay relationships are slowly obtaining acceptance, as homosexuals have come to be expressive in fighting their rights to marry in the early 90’s. As homosexuality grows in acceptance in theRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legal892 Words   |  4 PagesLove Same sex marriage is now allowed in all states across the country. But it took years and years for this â€Å"issue† to be finally laid to rest. The first state to legalize same-sex marriage was Massachusetts in 2004. There was not a last state to legalize gay marriage. The supreme court realized how many states were now legalizing it, so they just had all of the states left legalize it as well. ProCon.org supplies information that â€Å"Twenty-six states were forced to legalize gay marriage becauseRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legal2253 Words   |  10 Pages1776). The recognition of same-sex marriage is an issue influenced by numerous factors, and debates continue to arise over whether people in same-sex relationships have the right to marriage. Marriage provides many benefits, legally, financially, and personally. Same-sex marriage can open up those in same-sex relationships to tax benefits and financial demands comparable to those afforded to and required of peo ple in opposite-sex marriages. Same-sex marriage also gives them legal protections, such as

Securing Business Beyond Boundaries †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Securing Business Beyond Boundaries. Answer: Introduction Macquarie Group is a well reputed Australian company. It is based in Sydney. Macquarie is a well diversified financial group that is responsible for providing asset management and all kinds of financial services like banking and risk solutions to the clients. They have a robust risk management structure that has helped them to generate huge profit and revenue over the years. This report focuses on the implementation of accounting software in the Macquarie Group. It describes the organizational structure and what is the competitive advantage of the company. It talks about the importance of accounting software used by the organization and the existing loopholes in the accounting software. Accounting software is a type of software that helps a company to carry on with its accounting works more efficiently in less time. Macquarie group is involved in providing financial services like banking, asset management and other financial aids to the clients. The company was founded in the year 1969 (Macquarie.com 2017). Macquarie follows a non hierarchical structure. This type of structure follows no hierarchy or levels. This can also be called as a flat structure. This type of structure is beneficial as it promotes an employee participation in decision making and motivates the employees to work better (Smither Houston and McIntire 2016). This also helps to increase the productivity of the organization as the response to the clients is faster. There are five divisions in Macquarie, each having different functionalities. The managing director, deputy managing director and the chief operations officer form the central or main group in the organization. This division takes the responsibility of managing the entire organization as a whole. The other departments in the company are also managed by the member of th is group. The divisions in the company have interrelations with one another. There are services divisions too. The divisions are: legal department, financial management department, risk management department and also corporate operations division. Operational problems faced by Macquarie due to its Structure The non hierarchical structure of the company has led to certain troubles. Organizations have faced issues regarding losing control. This kind of structure is still applicable in case of small organizations. But when the number of employees increase, it becomes difficult for the management to keep control over the organization. There have been issues in the area of power struggle among the employees of the company (Rothaermel 2015). The company has also faced accusations of giving wrong financial advices and misconduct. This led to severe financial loss of the clients due to wrong advice. This would not have been possible in case of a strong hierarchical structure where the strict adherence to rules and governance of the higher authority would monitor the activities of the financial advisors of the company. The financial advisors have also been blamed for investing the money of the investors in high risk projects (Hall 2012). The non hierarchical structure has led to this no monitori ng of the activities of the employees leading to such troubles. Macquarie group is known for using three types of vendor software from the providers. This method is followed by the company as an acquisition method. One of the software used by Macquarie is Intralinks (Intralinks.com 2017). This software is used for the purpose of project management. It provides for the collaborative solution of different types of industries like finance, management, science and technology. This software helps the company to provide financial solutions and improve its efficiency and productivity. One more software used by Macquarie is called Manage Engine (Manageengine.com 2017). This software enables the company to take management decisions by providing the company with management related tools. This software helps Macquarie to take real time decisions and perform efficiently. Synopsis is the name of another software provider that is responsible for providing optimization and testing tools (Synopsys.com 2017). This software enables Macquarie to perform financial t ransactions in a safe manner. Macquarie group has also developed its own software that is customized to their own needs. This software helps to improve the relationship with its clients (ComputerWeekly 2017). They have developed a data layer through the use of database tools are open source in nature. System Flowchart of the Sales Procedures The sales procedure of Macquarie starts from the customer and ends with the fulfillment of the order. Initially the customer places an order, may be for a credit card. This leads to a procedure of checking the details of the customers. Based on the financial background, Macquarie approves or disapproves the request. The order is also reviewed for the approval or disapproval. Then the execution of order takes place. After that the client receives the order. The figure below shows the sales procedure of Macquarie group. The Macquarie Group has a non hierarchical structure that causes the main problems in the system. This leads to loss of control of the management in the organization (Ting 2014). There are chances that the financial advisors might take wrong and fraudulent decisions in order to invest the money of the clients in a risky project (Li, Allan and Evans 2015). If the structure would have been a tall structure then it would not have created any such problems. The organization would have great control and hold over the employees in case of a tall organizational structure. In this type of case the system is well organized and well managed leading to better productivity of the company. This flat structure creates problem in monitoring the activities of the company. These issues lead to severe problems. The ASIC had even ordered Macquarie to compensate for 160000 customers approximately due to such fraudulent activities (Mossa and Silvapulle 2012). Development and Adoption of the Accounting Software Packages The accounting software used by Macquarie group is Xero (Dimitriu and Matei 2014). It is third party software. This software is also based in Australia. This software helps the company to provide financial services over the internet. It is an online service. This software allows the customers to get the transaction details that they have performed online. This software also allows the customers to get an online mini statement. This software also helps to keep an accounting bookkeeping of the customers (Mageto 2017). This accounting software helps in carrying out all the transactions in an effective manner. The graph provided below reflects the current market size. Macquarie bank is being compared with three other leading banks called the Commonwealth bank, Westpac Banking Corp and the Scentre Group. The performance of Macquarie is better in comparison to the rest of the banks. The share price is up by 11.27 per cent that shows that this bank s performing well in the market. The graph clarifies the fact that Macquarie is at the top of all the other top ranked banks in the current market. The blue line represents the performance of Macquarie group. It is the best performing bank among its competitors. There are many companies that play leading role in the market like Commonwealth Bank in Australia. The other leaders are the Westpac banking Corporation along with the Scentre Group. The reasons behind their success are their unique competitive advantages (Bhattacharya, Romani and Stern 2012). These strategies have kept them ahead of all their rival firms. The strategy that is adopted by the Commonwealth bank is to focus on the customer satisfaction. The Westpac Banking Corporation on the other hand follows to improve its technical efficiency in the market. Macquarie group focuses on the different types of services that they provide and focuses on bringing unique features to the services. Macquarie group is known for its efficiency and competitive advantage over the rest of the companies in the market. They believe in integrity, commitment to the clients, team work and following the highest standards in order to retain customers and increase the number of customers. The most competit ive feature of the company is its remuneration package. The training provided by Macquarie to its employees is considered to be the best in the industry. These different varieties of financial services provided by the bank have led to the tremendous success of the Macquarie group in leading the market. Existing Challenges Encountered by Users of Accounting Software The existing challenges that are faced by the Macquarie group while using the accounting software are lack of security and non user friendly features (Simkin, Norman and Rose 2014). The software is difficult to customize according to the needs of the customers. On the other hand the software is involved in handling financial data of the clients. Any kind of security breach leads to loss of the sensitive information of the user data. This will also affect the reputation of the company in a serious manner (Mutongi 2014). The accounting software also has weak reporting ability along with a poor access speed. Proper security policy must be installed in the organization to overcome the risks and challenges of the accounting software. The system must have a strong firewall configuration that will protect the sensitive data from any type unauthorized access. Network security software will help to protect the software from any type of misuse of the data. Financial models used by the Macquarie group must use a flexible model for the proper efficiency of the system. A driver based solution will allow the use of software for any other purpose too. The adaptability of the system must be good in order to get accustomed to any type of work. Conclusion This report concludes that the accounting packages used by the Macquarie group are provided by the vendors. The software used by the company has several challenges but these challenges can be rectified by following certain steps and procedures. This report also discusses about the competitive advantages that has led to the success of the company. This report also gives a brief outline about the organizational structure and its loopholes. This report also gives recommendation about overcoming the limitation of the accounting software. References Bhattacharya, A., Romani, M. and Stern, N., 2012, May. Infrastructure for development: meeting the challenge. In Centre for Climate Change Economics and Policy, Londres. www. cccep. ac. uk/Publications/Policy/docs/PP-infrastructure-for-development-meeting-the-challenge. pdf. Consultado el (Vol. 15). ComputerWeekly. 2017. Customer experience transformation at Macquarie bank brings legacy system retirement as a bonus. [online] Available at: https://www.computerweekly.com/news/450418866/Customer-experience-transformation-at-Macquarie-bank-brings-legacy-system-retirement-as-a-bonus [Accessed 17 Aug. 2017]. Dimitriu, O. and Matei, M., 2014. A new paradigm for accounting through cloud computing. Procedia Economics and Finance, 15, pp.840-846. Hall, J.A., 2012. Accounting information systems. Cengage Learning. Li, Y., Allan, N.D. and Evans, J.R., 2015. An analysis of Australian Banks Operational Risk Events using evolutionary techniques. Macquarie.com. 2017. Macquarie Group. [online] Available at: https://www.macquarie.com/in/corporate [Accessed 17 Aug. 2017]. Mageto, J., 2017. Accounting Softwares in Australia. An Overview. Manageengine.com. 2017. Desktop Management Software | Desktop Administration Software | Mobile Device Management (MDM) Software. [online] Available at: https://www.manageengine.com/products/desktop-central/index.html?gclid=CjwKCAjw_dTMBRBHEiwApIzn_F6__J9DI2QeeBUgBlGxbT1fsvGFhjpJHqTSwaJ7nOJhgC5Jqk5BMhoC83QQAvD_BwE [Accessed 17 Aug. 2017]. Moosa, I. and Silvapulle, P., 2012. An empirical analysis of the operational losses of Australian banks. Accounting Finance, 52(1), pp.165-185. Mutongi, B., 2014. An analysis of the effectiveness accounting information systems on decision making: a case of MMCZ. Rothaermel, F.T., 2015.Strategic management. McGraw-Hill Education. Simkin, M.G., Norman, C.S. and Rose, J.M., 2014. Core concepts of accounting information systems. John Wiley Sons. Smither, R., Houston, J. and McIntire, S., 2016.Organization development: Strategies for changing environments. Routledge. Synopsys.com. 2017. Synopsys. [online] Available at: https://www.synopsys.com/ [Accessed 17 Aug. 2017]. Ting, A., 2014. Now you see it now you don't: Who is the taxpayer in the Macquarie Bank case. Austl. Tax F., 29, p.477. Www2.intralinks.com. 2017. Securing Business Beyond Boundaries. [online] Available at: https://www2.intralinks.com/global/en?531406168gclid=CjwKCAjw_dTMBRBHEiwApIzn_JQBUKJzOerEURndxw62_89V-Kr1aGf02GVz7MKZ3fgldxufruaKNxoCYsgQAvD_BwE [Accessed 17 Aug. 2017].

The Blanton Museum Santo, San Antonio de Padau Essay Example For Students

The Blanton Museum Santo, San Antonio de Padau Essay The Blanton Museum is reputably known for its Texas themed collections. For many, the most favorable aspects of the museum are the strategic placements of the artifacts, which aid in understanding its historical narratives. The contexts of the artwork not only appeal to those unfamiliar with the historical timeline but with the intentions of the artists. With difficulty in choosing a single artwork, my visual analysis is on the artifact sculpted in the late 18th or early 19th century, Santo, San Antonio de Padau, (St. Anthony of Padau). The brief description doesn’t provide the accredited artist, but instead indicates the sculpture was anonymously gifted to the museum. Although the sculptor may be unknown, the artist used different aspects of color to enhance the sculptures medium and naturalistic perspective. To clarify, â€Å"I couldn’t believe this carving was made out of wood. † I was impressed how the use of light reflecting on the black and golden brass like paint would give the illusion of a naturalistic sculpture. The artist was capable of exhibiting a real representational interpretation through relief sculpting and careful play with the styles of color. We will write a custom essay on The Blanton Museum Santo, San Antonio de Padau specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now After investing time in examining the sculpture, I couldn’t help but to generate more questions of what the artist sculpted. From a distance, I was able to deduct a generalized hypothesis from the man’s attire. The iconography appeared to be a religious figure dressed in a catholic robe worn by the medieval friars. As I’m examining the sculpture, I notice an alarming detail that intrigued my initial interpretation of the sculpture. It appears that the sculpture of St. Antonio de Paudau is missing the most common of all Christian symbols, a crucifix. Exposed to the catholic faith, my curiosity only intensified from the limited knowledge of the medieval friars. Evidently, we are able to gain interpretation of the context and medium from the didactic panel on the wall. The museum informs us the technique and medium used by the artist is called Santos. Santos is a terminology used to describe carvings of wooden statues that often represent religious figures. This religious deity appears to be St. Anthony of Paudau. Interestingly enough, St. Anthony of Paudau is one of the most famous disciples of St. Francis of Assisi and was considered as a patron saint for lost items. The â€Å"saint for lost items† is translated as a patron against oppression, and a fighter against corruption. St. Anthony of Paudau is relevant to Texas, which the city of San Antonio was proudly named after him. The sculpture had initially captivated my interest through analysis of color. The saturation and value boldly identifies itself to the eye of the viewer. Interestingly, the sculptor deterred away from the traditional colors of a friar’s robe maroon brown, and chose to drape the friar in a more silk-like black. Amazed by the dated glossy finish, the intensity of the black portrayed striking resemblance to an obsidian rock when reflected by light. The artist used the value through the showcased light combined with saturation to give the illusion of soft movement through the black round carvings of his robe. The belt waist, the trim of the hood, and the outer trim of his elongated draping sleeves were painted a brass like gold. The black robe volumes with the gold trim giving the illusion of St. Anthony’s hood was layered or worn on top of his robe. Furthermore, it appeared as if strips of gold had been strategically placed on the ends of his rob, identifying clear contrast from his hands and forces the perspective that his sleeves were hanging off his forearms. In addition the dullness of black on the inner part of his robe sleeves interpreted St. Anthony’s arms were three dimensionally coming out of the sleeves. This stimulates the imagination of the artist; one could psychologically imagine if St. Anthony were to drop his arms, the sleeves would naturally follow covering his wrists and hands. .u4f0372cfcd05d45fb3e9356f044a4512 , .u4f0372cfcd05d45fb3e9356f044a4512 .postImageUrl , .u4f0372cfcd05d45fb3e9356f044a4512 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4f0372cfcd05d45fb3e9356f044a4512 , .u4f0372cfcd05d45fb3e9356f044a4512:hover , .u4f0372cfcd05d45fb3e9356f044a4512:visited , .u4f0372cfcd05d45fb3e9356f044a4512:active { border:0!important; } .u4f0372cfcd05d45fb3e9356f044a4512 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4f0372cfcd05d45fb3e9356f044a4512 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4f0372cfcd05d45fb3e9356f044a4512:active , .u4f0372cfcd05d45fb3e9356f044a4512:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4f0372cfcd05d45fb3e9356f044a4512 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4f0372cfcd05d45fb3e9356f044a4512 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4f0372cfcd05d45fb3e9356f044a4512 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4f0372cfcd05d45fb3e9356f044a4512 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4f0372cfcd05d45fb3e9356f044a4512:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4f0372cfcd05d45fb3e9356f044a4512 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4f0372cfcd05d45fb3e9356f044a4512 .u4f0372cfcd05d45fb3e9356f044a4512-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4f0372cfcd05d45fb3e9356f044a4512:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Frees - All Quiet on the Western Front All Q EssayThe artist used the relief curves of the wood to force the viewer in aiding the naturalistic sculpture. The sculptor’s medium has encouraged him to carve grooves of his robe enticing movement. This technique of relief sculpting becomes an active part of the composition of his feet. While is left foot is placed forward, his right foot is firmly planted slightly behind. Evidently, St. Anthony has been placed on a flat surface allowing interpretations of walking. Additionally, the lower part of the robe proportionally outlines the location of the knee extenuating that his leg was raised. Despite the cosmetically missing arm, you can infer both arms were slight raised by the natural curves of his sleeves. His one palm facing the sky signifies an embracing body language or religious praise. His facial expression holds a slight smirk, followed by his kind eyes gazing forward, leaving the viewer to interpret St. Anthony’s hostility or snapshot of him welcoming a friend. In opposition of a Spartan warrior, the extreme simplicity of his round face, his bowl haircut, small chin and narrow slouched shoulders expresses a calm and composed demeanor. Many friars are always depicted as men of selflessness, and uninterested in self-image. The notion of extreme simplicity in the general facial properties and the composition of his body language help determine the subject matter, which can be a direct comparison to a common medieval friar. In conclusion, I was most astonished by the proportional sculpting of his body. The intense vivid saturation of his robe illuminated the sculpture, which complimented the representational perspective. The relief curves served a role in accomplishing a sense of movement. Even though we were able to conclude the subject matter, the mystery of the missing crucifix entices my curiosity.